https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/42465/archive/files/3bb02abf15085419cfa5e1d1264211f7.pdf?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Y19NXRHpgqCWMMzMA-okZUyTpYo9HVzxzdmuXeAuSbfZf0cDrR0bSKrdvxauScF317vlkg%7EYDGil-2opmb5wXhWYcsr05pUOVgOC1hCZOUl%7Ei7qnQ0e2RML61TO29tkcg6aYGDAudH9eoluoEAQcif10WtSeM6grXi-g3RCHGcw7ZNW1KjOqbkhk0EXixYgac8ySDSuZPhag5Q4G6dxIx28Uq3nbG4hts-vyOgZvr-dh60tHgCUvO4N2x2AySkTWOeLQYfyxrXVIPBGOy3C%7Eqp0fKaEQi2wvS1rJ0NTOTsKJ77BCW7JV9Jitn7oObqU3VreidKYY9rGkg4%7E461wZFA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 381d1b41581c5e23487e8c886914639c PDF Text Text r-•f:'-,+'t', . - --~ -~---_--- ; . :,,,,/ -~ Hudson Resident from the Azores ·1f~ }(f:t Hunted Whales ~ Small Boats ;"·'· -'~~f·l: - I I ~114 So/(.f{ ~ ".th,u,o,ri ~. ~ , , 17~ .;/~~/)~ l { ~ I ' 7 1 1 ~ (j/]'-,lf \_ �Manuel Avila, now of Hudson, Massachusetts, hunted whales for most of his life from the island of Pico in the Azores. He minted them in the traditional manner of the Portuguese islanders--in small boats. Recently he talked with the staff of the "Focus on the Family•~ Project of the Hudson School Department about this traditional form of family self-sufficiency that he knew for some thirty-five years before coming to Hudson in 1969. The interview was conducted in Portuguese by Helem Santos of the B~lingual Department at Hudson High School. �1 r:i} Question~ Weren't you afraiifunting 1111a whalesin these canuas (or small boats)? Manuel Avila: in fear. today. life. Danger was always present. But we didn't live The whalers then weren't as nervous as people are The elders knew what they were doing. Weather was always a problem. That was their And so were the whales. But my father, grandfather and uncles taught us about the weather, and navigation. whales - the "mean" ones. some people. They taught how to avoid the "bad" There were "mean" ones - just-::..like We were that had been harpooned before but managed to break the lines somehow. brothers. And when we came back on land we all felt like We didn't have many accidents, arguments or fights. It was a marvel. People then talked with each other lovingly. �-2 Question~ In pursuing the whales, how far from the waters ot Pico (an island in the Azores) would you go? Manuel Avila• We almost never left Pico. Sometimes we might follow a whale to Sao Jorge, Faifal or Graciosa (other nearby islands in the Azores) to kill it. Sometimes we would be out in the ocean for two days and two nights. time we came in every night. But most of the �3 Question~ Would you go out after the whales in ba.d.J'weather? Manuel Avilaa No. If it was a south or southwest wind the sea would get dangerous. ocean ma.de bad waves. But north or east land winds on the There's no better machine in the world that can tell the weather than our mountains and the clouds. We always watched where and how the clouds crossed the mountain. We always triad, if we were out in boats, to stay close enough to see the mountains. Fog was dangerous. �Quast1ona How did you learn about whaling? Manuel Avila• all of us. You began to learn this as a little boy. We l:!egan to learn all of it as boys. listen to the words of our elders. they said. whaling. Yes, We would We would listen to what They worked hard and they too were raised around And they were not afraid. as was his father before him. them as a boy. My father was a whaler And I went out with both of My uncles were there too. We were together •. My elders were knowledgeable without being schooled. knew how to navigate, particularly in bad weather. They They taught me howtto anticipate storms and escape from angry wha\es. The danger signals of nature were known by the el4ers. �Question~ What was whaling like in the Azores? Manuel Avila& Whales would appear about forty times a year in the waters of Pico and Terceira. EiLial. They also appeared around There was no particular season. the year. Whales came throughout We would see one almost every day, but it wasn't always close enough or the ~ight kind. enough we could see their trunks. If they were close Then we would get into the canuas (small boa.ts - like a long row boat) and go after them if they were the right kind(-i• -l · S ~ ~ ) · Questions. How many whales would you kill in a year? Manuel Avila• We usually killed about 35 a year in, a boat. Rarely did we reach 40. �Questions How did you kill the whales? Manuel Avila& We would row out to the whale. frightened by the wound of motors. six feet of the whale. We would try to get within1 It is necessary to be very strong. had handsome, strong men who worked with us. they were all small. you throw the harpoon. The whale is We In the old days When the whale is right in front of you, These a.re few men who can get the harpoon in when the whale is farther than six feet away. The harpoon is used to grab the whale a n d ~ hia until he comes up again. The lance is used to kill the whale. are sharp and large, about 20 pounds each. on them. They They have no lines The harpoon does. Some whales take about three or four harpoons with them. That helps to bleed the whale. with just one lance. It depends. lungs. The whale can sometimes die Sometimes they ma.y.,take up to twelve. It dies faster when you cut the vein or hit the The whale bas a lot of blood. for a whole day and night. Sometimes it bleeds �6A Questions ~ow did you kill the whales? l , (cont.1/ ( Manuel Avila;) When the whale is actually hit by the harpoon, and the lance it dives down into the ocean. so that:.,our companions know that we have it. We put up a flag Then we take our harpoon line aJ'.ld tie it to the end of the line of another canua. Sometimes it takes two or three canuas. We all spread out in the ocean chasing after the harpooned whale. send for a motor boat to ta.ke it into shore. Then we �7. Questions How would you locate these whales? Manuel Avila• The person on watch on the mountain can see about 20 miles or so. No one can see more than that. When he sees the whale lift its tail up into the air he calls everyone. The kind of whale we looked for does that. one. It's the only It lifts the tail into the air and then goes down into the ocean. We recognize it because of its tail. sea animal that does that. It's the only Then we know which direction it's going• because of the way it twists its tail. It tells us if it's going left or right, down deep or not. And so we know it. �8 Question: What happens after the whale dies? Manuel Avilaa A motor boat comes out to get it and pulls it into shore to the factory (the processing plant). has personnel to cut and clean it. in the old days. out of it. meat. The factory We often did this oursel¥es The factory personnel make everything possible Fertilizer and oil are made from the melted-down Animal food is made from the meat:that isn't or can't be melted-down. more processing. What is left is taken to another factory for �9 Question~ What was the quality of the waters around the Azores in which these whales were found? Manuel Avila: pure. Our water there is very different. Here it smells. It's very There in the Azores it's virgin water and the fish taste better. �10 Questions What was different about learning to be a young man in a traditional whaling community? Manuel Avila• We only went to school from ages 7 to 10. parents needed us after that. weren't afraid or nervous. Life was harder there. Our But we We were taught life by the elders. IJ!here as quite a "science" to it. We spent hours and hours with our elders. of today. Our elders aren't like the modern ones And we were proud of them. I had an uncle (Jose Batota) who used to kill more than 50 whales a year. made a film about him. They Not many men could kill more whales than he did. Also the elders taught us how to save people from I saved someone that way once. We didn't wear life jackets. Maybe today the modem boys spend too much time in school? /':'\ May~ they know about school. recognize storas. signals of nature. But they don't know how to They haven't been taught to recognize the Years went by without an accident. life is dangerous for the young people. Today Our children go out. �10A Question a ) What was different about learning to be a young man in a traditional whaling community? (cont.) (Manuel Avila: child. You wonder if something can happen to your An accident? We get very sad. �11 Question a What has happened to this traditional form of whaling in the Azores? Manuel Avila• At one time our small fleet was 14 canuas. Now there are only two left. out. And on some days only one goes There used to be seven compan.t.es hunting whales. the companies have gotten together. representative of an oil company. whaling today. Now? Now A man from Lisbon is a He owns about 5~ of the � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Helena Lucas Santos Collection [1937-2000] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Donated by Helena Santos. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG PDF TIFF Language A language of the resource English Portuguese Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SantosHelena_ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937-2000 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Santos, Helena Santos, Alzira Lucas Berthiaume, Roger Cruz, Gabriel Sousa, Ramiro Sousa, Lucy Costa, Emilia Subject The topic of the resource Portuguese American women Immigrant families Immigrants Portugal--Emigration and immigration Education Education, Bilingual Teachers Political paraphernalia Dictators Barbershops Madeirans Cultural assimilation Soccer World War, 1914-1918 World War, 1939-1945 Veterans Wedding attendants Azorean Americans Family violence Politics and government Whaling Weather forecasting Oral tradition Fasts and Feasts Ethnic food Model minority sterotype School field trips English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers Community organization Boy Scouts Wine and wine making Immigrants--Cultural Assimilation--United States Portugal--History--Revolution, 1974 Fulbright scholars Women in higher education Counseling in higher education Student counselor English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Alcobaça (Portugal) Ludlow (Mass.) Hudson (Mass.) Azores Pico Island (Azores) Santa Maria (Azores) Boston (Mass.) Cambridge (Mass.) Lawrence (Mass.) Medford (Mass.) Worcester (Mass.) Framingham (Mass.) Somerville (Mass.) Springfield (Mass.) Description An account of the resource The Helena Lucas Santos Collection contains documents and photographs pertaining to the life and career of Helena Santos, EdD, a Portuguese American educator in Massachusetts. Most of the items focus on her time as a teacher and educator at Hudson Public Schools, where she worked within the ESL and Bilingual Education programs. Also included are various images and writings from bilingual students who attended Hudson Public Schools from 1977-1986. Her doctoral dissertation was titled <a href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/305382111?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true">"The Socialization Experience of Cape Verdean, Latina and Portuguese Women Faculty at Four-Year Institutions in Southern New Enland"</a>. Biographical Sketch Helena Lucas Santos (b. 1954) is a Portuguese American educator and scholar from Ludlow, Massachusetts. She holds a Doctorate in Higher Education Administration (UMass Boston), a Master’s in Education in Bilingual/Cross-cultural Counseling (Boston University), and a Bachelor's Degree in Portuguese (UMass Amherst). She taught at Hudson Public Schools for 9 years as a teacher and counselor within the English as a Second Language and Transitional Bilingual Education programs. She also served as the Title VII Lau Coordinator from 1982-1986. In 1986, she moved to Bridgewater State University where she worked in the Academic Achievement Center and in 2006 to Lasell University where she served as Assistant Vice President and Dean of Academic Success for the rest of her career. While teaching in Hudson, Helena met David Fox, also from Hudson, and they married in 1984. They have one son, Daniel. Helena was born to Alzira Lucas Santos (1922-2015) and Antonio do Rosario Santos (1920-2019). Alzira was born as the third child to Germano and Gloria Lucas, Portuguese immigrants living in Ludlow, MA. Germano and Gloria decided to move back to Evora de Alcobaça, Portugal to raise their children but, shortly after returning, the two older children passed away. Alzira became the oldest of seven children that followed. It was here that Alzira eventually met her husband, Antonio do Rosario Santos, and they married in 1946. Because she was born in the United States, Alzira held American citizenship. Therefore, she came back to the United States in 1952 and her husband and their daughter, Maria, followed soon after. They settled in Ludlow, MA, where Alzira was born. The Santos’ went on to have two more children: Helena and Jose, and two grandchildren: Daniel Santos Fox and Isabel Corkey Santos. Alzira worked as a seamstress in the local manufacturing companies such as Cromwell Mills, Carter’s Clothing, and Spaulding Sports Corporation. Antonio worked for various companies such as Chapman Valve, Westinghouse, and Moore Drop Forging Co./Danaher Tools. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Donated by Helena Santos. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Title A name given to the resource "Hudson Resident from the Azores Hunted Whales in Small Boats" (1979) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 circa Description An account of the resource Interview with Manuel Avila, who hunted whales for most of his life on the island of Pico in the Azores. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Santos, Helen Subject The topic of the resource Azorean Americans Whaling Weather forecasting Oral tradition Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Pico Island (Azores) Hudson (Mass.) Azores Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Avila, Manuel Relation A related resource Interview conducted for the "Focus on Family" project in Hudson, MA. The full report for this project can be found here: <a href="https://umlportuguesearchives.omeka.net/items/show/3017">https://umlportuguesearchives.omeka.net/items/show/3017</a>