1 30 3 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/42465/archive/files/526d456b71adc215cc39a84528e10d38.tiff?Expires=1779321600&Signature=d2N3SDZo6kBdcQYmWsaQkGzmtWRklF7Dl02%7E6VxW50S41S5yuk1Gjp20xc0cORuVSReu-tBOkOz0RRyxM8Q9KJxrJQfkIj-HqmE3lgls3VpLvKCOzAKFvcdZ-BCkDrL52d1hnoRVdDft8ICpbX9%7E-852JVJUl5o2OdZN9Hvp8z45E7B1347qMqFw58-XcyhxM5x0%7Ept7MmgxrvrUMTcZeT3pZClwCDVb3eFrRWzfmKlYSEwsW%7EpCGUXhCdqUm6a7F2y9mm5YtqbdjQDdYG9zoOjnqtMKYfAnkrPRzYiCa5j0fpVvyO4omeaau1ulEEO4rCLWB94W8hhXf%7EjcB9XDHA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 89e500c9cb2577c3746091933ac3e454 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/42465/archive/files/93e2f123e743619808de93b1ac2330b3.mp3?Expires=1779321600&Signature=R8yaW8lBYG3XhCDUI7EYBbMy7-4WkZefZAVpMJL0iaPUVUK8fByVW3rhLc%7ELhPqe8WM2gZog7JiFhz4XwQCHZ8jjlcfo9sNz1cLoN3CiFdiKHcuR%7ET0pwcQiKudrbMu4t0A3wMOwhPWKhtfP0y5MHh9E9WHKryNo7vIlFbVdpPCw2jo9Qio5mEuN415Xiywdb0mKDqas4BeY-z4zZi-ev5Qh19X1B7LaCWzWX-dee29mpdWsNrMFQnHazo1SVgEUTdCf3jbAwizRKmqWNl-S6G4n6ZG3K17ew1aCiL-gKMJRR-E%7EyXdUWrJh1jAbBIEb2vTijraz4276EPicOhVhEw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 04c60090800a6a2b9bcbea481d6898ac https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/42465/archive/files/8cb07475e73699999ee4a65e4b28b2a9.mp3?Expires=1779321600&Signature=l6IrcLtMCPemIh1iBTJXpLAQ0gJjh4tWMQ5tPuIeJeBdzUwzgPrkrdPZ8Rbrddo7%7E08UsHz8eEqKCjgi7YByCqUXONQ1L5LJ8t7vgLU2mF-wdcqjbY35F5CmLOy8c5ORmGaCh2QHltHNmgGBlBA%7E2pcFRATCgKPoy90sF6cGAqdoSTNXCnYWMr3FJw19mxBusmfCb8uUqZAxIUMybBmX9OTasLuJZOvhUp112PdMA49Q%7EYPJTRsrEThZSWS68XvyBAj3x6uS2RUqTlo0x3PySK9YtyuXduNPGdlOPyvryNZvLmu04Gz2O6bYMkr6rYeusoX1IEko1dYjlVBOOAMeUg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 65ccbd7b555b35db75c57c7ecc246578 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deolinda Mello Collection [1917-1988] Description An account of the resource <div style="text-align:left;">This collection focuses on the life of Deolinda Mello. The photographs (and some writings) highlighted in this collection showcase her close ties with Lowell's Portuguese and immigrant communities.</div> <strong><br />Biographical</strong> <strong>Note:</strong><br />Deolinda Machado Mello was born in Lowell in 1914 to Joseph (João) Perry (Pereira) and Maria (Rocha) Machado. João Perry (1886-1939) immigrated from Terceira around 1900, settled in Lowell, and worked as a weaver in the Appleton Mills. He eventually became a skilled loom fixer and was among the highest paid occupations on the shop floor in the textile industry. Maria Machado (1888-1958) immigrated one year later and also worked initially in a cotton mill. João and Maria were communicants at St. Anthony’s Church, where they married in 1906. For a few years, João and Maria lived in Ayer’s City, where there was a small number of Portuguese families, but they subsequently moved to Lincoln Street near Chelmsford Street. They later resided in the Highlands neighborhood. In addition to Deolinda, they had a daughter Mary (1908-1972), and two sons, Henry Perry (1912-1987), and John Machado (1917-1983).<br /><br />Deolinda received her education at Keith Academy and, after graduating, she attended Lowell State College and Boston University. She subsequently received a degree in social sciences at the University of Rhode Island. By the late 1930s, Deolinda worked as accountant at the Laganas Shoe Factory in Lowell, one of the city’s largest shoe manufacturers. She was also active in the Portuguese-American Civic League and in 1939 served as a delegate to the state convention of civic leagues. She became increasingly active at St. Anthony’s Church, notably in the Holy Rosary Sodality Society. The following year she married Tebert Joseph Pacheco Mello, a furniture upholsterer who eventually operated his own upholstering business.<br /><br />Tebert Joseph Pacheco Mello (1905-1967) was born in Terceira to Antonio and Josephine Augusta Mello. His family immigrated to the United States when he was a baby. He was a member of Saint Anthony’s Church from its founding days, an active committee member in the Holy Name Society, and served as Director of Lowell’s Portuguese American Civic League. Tebert and Deolinda had once son, Robert, who went on to serve in the US Navy, attend Newbury College, and eventually opened and ran several restaurants in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.<br /><br />Deolinda worked as a board member of the International Institute of Lowell, which provided social and educational services to the city’s immigrant communities. In 1958, she became executive director of the International Institute, a position she held for over 20 years. In 1959, Deolinda took a diplomatic trip to Portugal in 1959, where she was able to meet and interview Antonio Salazar at his summer residence.<br /><br />For her many years of service at the International Institute, she was honored at a testimonial dinner, attended by over 500 friends and dignitaries, and received letters of commendation from the state’s major educational and political leaders, including U.S. senators Edward Kennedy and Paul Tsongas. She died in 1988, leaving her son Robert Mello, her daughter-in-law, Charlene, and two grandchildren, Bob and Elena. Subject The topic of the resource Portuguese American women Community activists Community organization Catholic Church--Dioceses Priests Immigrant families Immigrants Cultural assimilation Immigrants--Cultural Assimilation--United States Fasts and Feasts Portugal--Colonies Portugal--History United States--Discovery and exploration Indigenous peoples--America Azorean Americans Veterans Mills and mill-work Portugal--Emigration and immigration Boardinghouses Manners and customs Catholic Church--Societies, etc. Madeirans United States. Navy. Politicians Snow Dogs Christmas Processions, Religious--Catholic Church Altars Swimming Graduation (school) Mary, Blessed Virgin, Saint Beaches Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Lowell (Mass.) Dighton (Mass.) Peabody (Mass.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Items held at the Center for Lowell History. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Portuguese Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Image Audio Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-1988 Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Copy of taped American Bicentennial presentation "The Portuguese in Lowell," Lowell, Massachusetts Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976-03-25 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mello, Deolinda Subject The topic of the resource Portuguese American women Portugal--History Portugal--Emigration and immigration Portugal--Colonies Music Comedy United States--Discovery and exploration Indigenous peoples--America United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783 Azorean Americans Mills and mill-work Immigrants Boardinghouses Manners and customs Cultural assimilation Catholic Church--Dioceses Catholic Church--Societies, etc. Madeirans Relation A related resource <a href="https://umlportuguesearchives.omeka.net/items/show/3122">History of the Portuguese in Lowell speech</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Lowell (Mass.) Dighton (Mass.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Physical Location <br />Repository: American Folklife Center <br />Collection: Lowell Folklife Project (AFC 1987/042) <br />Call number: AFC 1987/042: LFP-CC-A002 <br />MBRS shelflist: RYL 1056 <br /><br />The audio recording can also be found on the Library of Congress website at this <a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/afc1987042_cc_a002/">link</a>. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Library of Congress Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Library of Congress believes that some of the materials in this collection are in the public domain or have no known copyright restrictions and are therefore free to use or reuse. For example, the fieldwork in this collection is in the public domain in the United States. However, the Library has obtained permission for the use of other materials and presents additional materials for educational and research purposes in accordance with fair use under United States copyright law. For example, some of the recordings contain copyrighted music, and not all of the performers and other individuals who were recorded signed releases for public use of their work. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 TIFF Language A language of the resource English Portuguese Type The nature or genre of the resource Audio Description An account of the resource Audio recording of the speech Deolinda Mello delivered to the Lowell Historical Society. The first audio file contains Mello's full speech. The second includes further discussion from Mello of recent achievements in Portugal, as well as other presentations for the celebration, including a performance from a church choir, instrumental musical performances, and a comedy act. Feast of the Holy Ghost Holy Ghost Society (Lowell, MA) Saint Anthony's Church (Lowell, MA) Saint Anthony's Portuguese Benevolent Society https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/42465/archive/files/186eece3c907a05f70236612f3d4630f.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=F-cYJXkjPJYxTNrY-1p%7EEi3UK9jZ15IsgZp76uVw9w1E4w5vDIdC9EDce5ZUPmLwbO72ELmFUL2qoG2SefBLn4bvhVe%7EjnB5yWU8scKUUi-rPXJOaoouxNgWc5BRASZdMWoD8oE16rao6mT6hqmtGb7NkSerIkyiHXzXvZqNbUFJqs1v0ofEN4x0s5dOj46kSWTuf8H0CFoOZtlUGigGJmi-tzHwmbyo%7EduCYxPkrp4TSd9LnupzIJ38daJATEPrzoJLNbuwsRYavHHGtHbkxj4U5EruKt8jsbVoMljrbDb8rhREY63UW8AheGVe5OFFvG%7EaWZCnrYuf0emEVy5kqw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c128c439e527261be1944c889ca8c550 PDF Text Text MEMBERS.OF THE LOWELL HISTORICAL SOCIETY, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: Tonight it is my proud privilege to speak to you for a little while about ( the Portuguese in Lowell. But, before I go into my assigned topic, I feel that it is a long-awaited and opportune rooment, expecially while we are in the midst of our Bicentennial Commemoration, to speak briefly about the story of Portugal and the Portuguese, who have contributed so much, and which unfortunately, has not earned or shared much of the limelight, during the hundreds of years in which we have been in the United States of America. The Portuguese are a modest people. For this reason, I feel it is not only fitting, but long overdue, that Americans should know more, and as a result, appreciate to a greater extent, the vast historic and geographic contribution that the Portuguese have made, first to the world, to America, to Massachusetts and lastly, to the City of Lowell. I shall touch very lightly upon the first three, but hope to spend a few additional minutes, telling you about your friends, neighbors, co-workers and fellow citizens, in this area. Two-thirds of the world was discovered by the Portuguese. Of the twenty centuries, beginning since the Christian Era, there is one, the fifteenth, that belongs entirely to them.r It was then that Portugal produeed the men of that time, most advanced in navigation, cartography, geography and mathematics, permitting Portugal to hold the largest empire in the world and to maintain the Portuguese influence in all continents. The soft, melodious Portuguese language was the first modern language to be spoken in all continents of the world, a cultural achievement matched only by her great sea power. With the circumnavigation of the globe, Portugal forced the sea to give up its last great secrets and the maritime glory of that small country reached its zenith. On a smaller scale, both coasts of the United States were discovered and named by Portuguese navigators. While archeological evidence has been found that Phoenicians, Romans, or Vikings once lived in America, there is no evidence • �I I I - 2- of their return or written proof of their settlement. The entire coast of California,,,was discovered and named by Portuguese navigators when, Joao Rodgigues Cabrilho, on September 28, 1549 set foot in San Diego and declared, in Portuguese, that he was taking possession of this land, these waters and this harbor. The Atlantic Coast, from LaQrador along Newfoundland, from Cape Cod te.,the tip of the Floridas, was discovered by Portuguese narigators many years before sailors of other nations ventured to explore it. On the East Coast, only about 50 miles from here in Dighton, Massachusetts, we find a document in rock, the only witness to the discovery of our great nation, the first chapter of American History. For centuries this monument had rested on the left bank. of the Taunton River, here in our own state, the tip covered by 3 to 4 feet of water, visible only at very low tide. Recognizing it as being of great historical significance, many proposals to move it to various museums had been made, but in 1963 action finally was taken when the Department of Natural Resources, at a cost of $50,000., built at Cofferdam, 11 feet above the ori gi na 1 1evel, upon which the stone, surro.unded by a fence, was set where it now rests, for all to see, in an area of 100 acres, at Dighton State Park. For centuries, historians and scholars had attempted to decipher the inscriptions, which could not be passed off lightly as doodlings or weather cracks, but yes, concrete evidence that all lines carved were done so by human hands, using sharp instruments of metal or hard stone. A study of the rock, but had been initiated in 1680 by the Reverend John Danforth,/it was only"as late as 1960, culminating a study of 20 years, that Dr. Manuel Luciano Da Silva, a prominent physician in our neighboring state of Rhode Island, deciphered the message, amid the mass of scratchings and pictographs on this limestone, which bears the name of Miguel Corte Real, the Cross of the Order of Christ, testimonial of all Portuguese discoveries in those days, and the date 1511, an indication that this valiant Portuguese navigator, and his crew, must have survived at least ten years �I - 3-- among the Indians. Letters, dated in Lisbon, during that century, now archived in the Historical Museum of the Discoveries, attest to this fact, as they contain detailed descriptions of the course and length of the voyage, vivid descriptions of the Indians and their way of living, while in England archived today in London, as one reads the story told by the first Pilgrims, it tells of many Portuguese words they found spoken by the Indians they encountered here: When in 1960, Dr. Silva presented the results of his reasearch, to the first International Congress of the Histories and Discoveries, h!s presentation was enthusiastically received for it corroborated the first cartographical representation, entitled The Nautical Chart of 1491, recently discovered in the huge bibliographical collection of the late English statesman, Sir Tbomas Phillips, wherein decisive proof had been established that the Portuguese reached and inhabitetelhese shores as early as 1424. Columbus, although born in Italy, acquired his nautical knowledge in the First Nautical School of the World, established in Sagres, Portugal, by Prince Henry, the navigator, in 1415. For ten years, as a youth, he sailed in Portuguese caravels along the Atlantic Coast. He married Filipa De Prerestelo in 1479, daughter of the Gover.nor of the Portuguese Madeira Islands and only after the death of his father-in-law, leaving him access to maps and secret information about the lands to the west, did he make plans for a voyage across the Atlantic. His first stop, in his return to Spain, was at the Porutuguese Island of Santa Maria, to give thanks to Almighty God for his safe return, the church, so duly inscribed, stands on the Island today. The first hundred years mf our national existence was a period of unimpeded ilTBlligration. were welcomed. New settlers were important to the young nation and immigrants Through these years, the ever arriving Portuguese also played an important role in all wars and history of the United States. There is no more valiant figure, 4~ the whole history of America's fighting men that that of Peter Francisco, whose remarkable character and courage earned �- 4 - him the respect and friendship of the outstanding leaders of the American Revolution, including George Washington, whose life, he was personally credited as having saved. At tee age of 5, he was found abandoned on a wharf at Hopewell, Virginia, as he spoke only in Portuguese, later did they learn that his name was Peter Francisco and that he had been abandoned by Portuguese whalers who, apparently, lost sight of him when their vessel had stopped there. He was cared for by Judge Anthony Winston, uncle of Patrick Henry, until at the age of 16, he joined the 10th Virginia regiment. He stood six feet, six inches tall and weighed 260 pounds. General Washington officially ordered a sword for him that was said to have a five foot blade, as he had complained that the regulation army weapon was too light and too short. Both he and General Lafayette were wounded in the battle of Brandy- wine and became good friends during their convalesence, a friendship that was to endure the rest of their lives. In 1824, long after the revolution, when Lafayette visited America, Francisco accompanied the Marquis on his triumphant tour through Virginia. He died in Richmond on June 16, 1831 and was buried with full military honors. When just before the turn of the century, the Daughters of the American Revolution planted thirteen liberty trees, one for each of the original colonies, in our National Capitol, each tree nourished by the soil taken from the grave of a revolutionary hero, Virginia's symbol was a chestnut tree and the earth planted around it was taken from the grave of Peter Francisco, the abandoned little boy from the Azores. In music, from 1854-1932, we find the name of John Philip Sousa, of Portu; guese parentage. A brilliant composer of light opera, but most famous for his numerous marches, he led the United States Marine Band from 1880 to 1892, known as the king of marches, his world famous Semper Fidelis, the Stars and Stripes Forever, El Capital, are still counted amont the worlds favorites and played in all public ceremonies. �. . - 5 - In literature, John Dos Passos, hailed as one of the world's most important writers for more than three decades. In 1969, realizing that few Americans are more than vaguely aware of Portugal 1 s role in world history, he sought to remedy the situation by writing his acclaimed book, The Portugal Story, encompassing three centuries of exploration and discovery, already in its 3rd publication. We can trace the arrival of the first permanent Portuguese settlement in Lowell as early as 1851, although there must have been a few scattered ones. The Azores being the nearest point to America, a distance of only 2,110 miles, and agriculture there being one of the principal occupations, some early stragglers with an adventurous spirit, must have found their way to the farms in existence hereabouts. East Chelmsford, and Dracut, to this day, have large Portuguese populations that date well back over 100 years. Fame of Lowell as a manufacturing center soon reached the Azorean shores and they too succumbed to the promises of persuasive mill agents sent out to recrµit help for their expanding mills. Despite the fertility and delightful climate of the Islands, overpopulation, lack of sufficient means with which to raise their families, compulsory military service, all, led many to venture forward into the unknown, to the frigid, unfriendly land of opportunity which beckoned them. By 1885, a sizeable number already had settled in Lowell, Longing to hear the traditional marital music which had ac~ompanied all religious processions in their native villages, we find the first concerted effort of the community was to establish a Portuguese band which was played at funerals and other public prominent occasions. The system of Boarding Houses for the welfare of the operatives, introduced by Mr. Lowell and first adopted in 1814 by the Boston Mfg. Company, soon found their counterpart in the establishment, around 1862, of the first Portuguese Boarding House, which, by the turn of the century had mushroomed to a number of at least ten, set up along back Central, Charles, Chapel, Union, Cherry, North and other neighboring streets. Established mostly for the hundreds of young, �. - - 6 - unmarried people who were pouring into the City, they were called by them "Casas De Borde". A name which caused great consternation to mothers of young sons who had left the family scene. 11 Bordar 11 , in Portuguese means to embroider and when 11 letters from sons arrived stating that they were Bordando in Americag puzzled 11 11 and anxious mothers, relating the adventures of their sons to neighbors, would lament the fact that Manuel or Antonio had never picked up a needle at home and now was embroidering in America. Countless are the tales emanating from these "Casas De Borde" .• Acqu!ring a vocabulary all their own, not understanding the language which they heard spoken, hilarious stories are told those days. story in particular, has always tickled me. One Columbus Day which was duly cele- brated as a great holiday, was interpreted by them as the day of Columbus, which pronounced by them suddenly became, 0 Dia Dos Clamos, which aclually means the day of Clams, and only scores of years later, as told to me, did that generation learn why their mother, every year, bought clams from the local fish market, to be eaten loyally on that day. So, turkeys for Thanksgiving and clams for Colutnbus. At times, tn or more houses were rented or owned by the Bodmeesa as the 11 Boardmistress was called, one only of these contained a huge dining and sitting room, while all other rooms, with the exception of the common kitchen, .were converted into much needed bedrooms, where the young mill people slept soundly, after a long day's work in the mills. Respect and strict morality were the hallmark of these early Portuguese boarding houses, permission would have to be obtained from the always authoritative Bordmeesa for even a walk across the street for a minute of gossip, a visit to a sick mill companion or to attend the nearby Edson School. The girl's bedrooms usually were placed downstairs, where in a room containing two double beds, they were piled three to a bed, while upstairs the young males slept under the same accomodations, and they stayed just there. Morality',' I repeat was of the highest, even Caesar's wife could have slept there without reproach. No hanky-panky was -tolerated or existed and the only semblance �- 7 - of impropriety was the embarrassment encountered each morning, a veritable rat race, when the young girls would try to reach the bathroom, or cazinha 11 11 , the little house, as they called it, to empty their chamber pots before the young men began to arrive from upstairs, bearing theirs. Code inspection had not even reached the embryonic stage in those days, so that one can imagine the veritable catastrophes that must have resulted. The young men paid $3.00 per week for room and board, while the young ladies paid $2.50, as they took care of cleaning their rooms and laundry. Many romances during the turn of the century, emanated from these Boarding Houses. On Sunday afternoons, to the tune of their beloved violas and guitars, the young people would gather to find comfor:ti in singing their traditional songs and dancing to native tunes. A furtive glance from Manuel cast at demure dancing Maria often bloomed into a romance under the watchful eyes of all present, resulting in a proposal of marriage and hardly a week passed without a wedding. Salaries at the mills, averaging between four and seven dollars a week left little to save for furnishing a future home, so most couples started their married life in the Boarding House, too. The couple would then occupy a single room where the only improvement, I have b~en told, was a new wide white ribbon tied to the chamber pot. For an entire week, the bride did not appear at the dining room table, to embarrassed to meet the eyes of her fellow boarders, only the groom would appear, fill a plate for her, and gallantly take it up to her bedroom, Strength must be sustained for her new duties as a wife. And, by the way, he saved 50¢, $5.00 was the charge for married couples, and that included babies who would come later to occupy the room. As with other non-English speaking gro~ps, the early Portuguese immigrants suffered deeply in the assimilation process. As the community increased, the natural calamities of illness and death ft1Tlowed. Pride, to which to this day exists, prevented them seeking city aid, besides trying to communicate their misery �- 8 - in a language unknown to them, they were often subjected to ridicule. It became evident to them that action must be taken by them on their own behalf~ which resulted in the estallishment on May 13, 1895 of the Portuguese Benefit Socie~y, later to be known as the Benefit Society of Saint Anthony, and followed by others through the year. It was instituted in Lowell as early as 1885 and became incorpo- rated on May 13, 1895 when approval was given by the then Secretary of State William M.Olin, for its incorporation. According to the statutes any Portuguese or descendant of Portuguese, between the ages of 15 and 50 was eligible to join. An initial entry fee of five dollars was required, the Society, of no political or religious character, would exact the sum of one dollar, as a contribution to the funeral expenses of any deceased member, and was, with all due apologies to ~lie Cross and Blue Shield, paid medical costs in the amount of five dollars a week for thirteen weeks, after which a member was eligible to receive an additional three dollars for seven weeks. As the average one week stay, at the Corporation Hospital amounted to about nine dollars, the members were fairly well protected, compared to present day rates. The next concerted movement of the colony which now was.iassuming great proportions was to establish a house of prayer. Strong in their catholic faith, they found the church dominated by the Irish, whose leaders at times tried to use it as an instrument of Americanization. This attempt, and the sound of a language which they did not understand, besides increasing ethnic tension and stimulated I in their hearts, a desire to form a parish of their own, as they saw in mixed parishes, a threat to the survival of their particular cultural heritage, so on January of 1901, a group of Portuguese men journeyed to Boston, to intercede with the proper church authorities so that a parish might be established in Lowell. The first meetings were held in Fair Hall of Saint Peter's parish during February and March of 1901. Odd Fellows Temple was used until April of that year and on the 19th of May, the first church, a small white wooden structure located at Congress and Gorham Streets, was purchased from the Primitive Methodists and established. �- 9 - As the gates were open and unguarded and all were free to come to the United States, continued migration of Portuguese into the city soon necessitated the acquisition of a larger church. Funds were raised throughout the Portuguese colony for this purpose and land on Central Street, the present site, to erect a new church was purchased. The following year on May 30, 1908., although only the basement of the huge cathedral like structure planned had been completed, the church was officially dedicated, and, according to a front page account in the Lowell Sun of that day, sacred vessels were carried through the streets, lined with hundreds of parishioners, and deposited in the new church. The earliest group of immigrants came from the Azores and by the turn of the century we find their number greatly swelled by hundreds that began to arrive from the beautiful island of Madeira. Unlike the immigrants from the Azores, the majority who came from Madeira were males, and came with the idea of staying only a few years and then of returning to their homeland. They settled mostly in the area of the Tre,mont Mills and their boarding houses were mostly filled with men. The Treemonts as they were known to the other Portuguese. 11 11 Later, however, many did settle permanently in Lowell and together with a small number from the continent, soon formed an integral part of the Portuguese community. Since the early group came from the Azores, the ancient tradition of devotion to the Holy Ghost, had early become a part of their religious life and festivities. Since the turn of the century each Pentecost Sunday, the Feast of the Holy Ghost. had been faithfully observed. This resulted in the formal establishment of the Holy Ghost Society in Lowell in 1923. Vincent Silva, a pioneer in the Portuguese colony, was the first president of the Society which was incorporated in that year. Its purpose being: To furnish a place and means for the education and recreation of its members and for social, religious and civic purposes. On September 2, 1923, two and one half acres of land were purchased on Village Street, off outer Rogers Street for tliis purpose. Continued imprp,vements through the years have transformed �- 10 the once wild area, into a delightful picnic facility, Holy Ghost Park, on which stands one of the finest and most modern structures within city limits. The Quota Law of 1924, introducing for the first time numerical limitations on immigration, resulted in a sharp curtailment in the arrival of more immigrants, which according to staUstrics for the year 1920, revealed a total of twelve thousand Portuguese in the city. The outbreak of influenza during the first world war, the onset of tuberculosis developed by many from working in factories filled with lint-laden air, the fear that now they would not be joined here by their loved ones, and the outlook of greater opportunities in California, led many to depart from the city, and the large numbers~envisioned by the original planners of the cathedrallike church and builders of the enormous rectory, never were realized. In fact, in reference to the enormous rectory, which still stands today, according to a story circulated in Portuguese circles, it was the reason that brought to Lowell, His Excellency, the late Bishop Henry Joseph Reed Da Silva, a first cousin to the then reigning, Dom Carlos, the King of Portugal. The Bishop was retu,ning to Portu- gal from India and had stopped in the United States to dedicate a new Portuguese church in the city of Fall River. During this time, a crucial period developed in Po.rtugal, and plans were completed for the overthrow of the monarchy. The assasina- tion of his cousin the King, resulted in his decision to remain in this country until it was felt safe for him to return. As the rectory of Saint Anthony's Church was the largest and most imposing that he had met in his travels hereabouts~ he deemed it the only one worthy of a prince of the church and he reamined here from 1911 until 1924. He was dearly loved by the Lowell CAtholic communi'ty, expecially the Irish, with whom he was a great favorite. Many of them in those days resided in the area around the church and became his closest friends. spoten of lovingly by them. To this day he is He was a great musician, a renowned pianist and was the author of several unpublished masses and historical books. Although, the immigration Act of 1924, brought immigration into the United States to a mere trickly, and later the discriminatory Mccarron-Walter Act, which �- 11 limited the number of immigrants from Portugal to a mere 438, the Portuguese colony remained always an active one, retaining its religious customs and traditions, it gave always its first love and loyalty to the country it had adopted. Although the majority of early arrivals were illiterate, due to the lack of opportunities in their homeland, through the years they managed to establish here a respected ethnic group who through its modest and unassuming habits of head work, honesty, liquidation of debts, and low crime rate, gradually assumed its place in the community. We now find many of their sons and daughters, first and second generation Americans, occupying positions, reflecting great credit upon themselves and the community. And now, the year 1976, we find a great renaissance in the Portuguese community in Lowell. Due to the new Immigration Law which was signed at the foot of the Statue of Liberty by the late President Johnson, in 1965, Portugal as all other countries in the eastern hemisphere, is now allowed to send a total of 20,000 immigrants each year and we find that during the last ten years, we have admitted over 1,000 into the city of Lowell. At first the majority of those eligible to come, had been born in Lowell whose parents had departed many years ago, later their children who as sons and daughters of American citizens, by law are allowed to come and now we continue to receive the children of these, as children of lawfully admitted aliens, are the beneficiaries of relative petitions filed in their behalf. Although we are now receiving a literate and more evolved immigrant, modern advances in technology, radio and television, couples with mandatory school liws can account for this, the present immigration, which still remains to a larger extent, from the Azores, it cannot be described as the "brain drain that we are now receiving from the Philipines and other asiatic countries. Higher education is still hard to come by in the Azores, where only two of the nine islands are equipped with high schools and only children of wealthy parents who are able to afford boarding them away from home, are able to continue their education. The �" - 12 - islands are still difficult and life there continues to be a challenge.to the natives. However, we are happy to note, that they are bringing with them the basic values of their predecessors, which actually make for the true backbone of any community. A recent Boston Globe article described the transformation, by the newly arrived Portuguese immigrants in the city of Lowell, that has taken place in the so-called "Flats" section where they are settling. Old homes they are purchasing, soon become newly painted or covered aluminum or vinyl siding, may be seen dotting the many streets running off back central. The smallest extra space of land is invnediately transformed into a vegetable producing the green leafy vegetables that go into the hearty soups, they like so well. Flowers that grew in profusion on their beloved islands, attempt to bloom bravely in the rigor of our New England climate, at the entrance to their homes. Employers, especially, seek them out for their diligent hard working habits, merchants welcome their accounts as their reputation for paying bills is widespread, real estate agents are amazed at the size of deposits made on newly acquired properties and the banks welcomeL them as new depositors. Today, as we enter the bicentennial year, we admire the undaunted spirit of cour§g@ they bring with them as evidence by the fact that the tiny country of Portugal, during the past year, without the benefit of outside involvement, has succeeded in stamping out the threat of communism which attempted to penetrate its shore and we share with them their pride in the fact that one of their beloved inmigrants from the AzoPes, Humberto Cardinal Medeiros, now heads the great Archidiocese of Boston. Throughout the years, all immigrants have brought with them a great contribution and our attitude toward them has gradually matured to a full appreciation of the great cultural, technical and scientific gifts they made. The Portuguese are a modest people. But tonight I pay tribute to them for they, as all other immigrants who have come to this great nation, too, have woven �- 13 - a few bright threads in the colorful tapestry that portrays, the nation of immigrants, the United States of America. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deolinda Mello Collection [1917-1988] Description An account of the resource <div style="text-align:left;">This collection focuses on the life of Deolinda Mello. The photographs (and some writings) highlighted in this collection showcase her close ties with Lowell's Portuguese and immigrant communities.</div> <strong><br />Biographical</strong> <strong>Note:</strong><br />Deolinda Machado Mello was born in Lowell in 1914 to Joseph (João) Perry (Pereira) and Maria (Rocha) Machado. João Perry (1886-1939) immigrated from Terceira around 1900, settled in Lowell, and worked as a weaver in the Appleton Mills. He eventually became a skilled loom fixer and was among the highest paid occupations on the shop floor in the textile industry. Maria Machado (1888-1958) immigrated one year later and also worked initially in a cotton mill. João and Maria were communicants at St. Anthony’s Church, where they married in 1906. For a few years, João and Maria lived in Ayer’s City, where there was a small number of Portuguese families, but they subsequently moved to Lincoln Street near Chelmsford Street. They later resided in the Highlands neighborhood. In addition to Deolinda, they had a daughter Mary (1908-1972), and two sons, Henry Perry (1912-1987), and John Machado (1917-1983).<br /><br />Deolinda received her education at Keith Academy and, after graduating, she attended Lowell State College and Boston University. She subsequently received a degree in social sciences at the University of Rhode Island. By the late 1930s, Deolinda worked as accountant at the Laganas Shoe Factory in Lowell, one of the city’s largest shoe manufacturers. She was also active in the Portuguese-American Civic League and in 1939 served as a delegate to the state convention of civic leagues. She became increasingly active at St. Anthony’s Church, notably in the Holy Rosary Sodality Society. The following year she married Tebert Joseph Pacheco Mello, a furniture upholsterer who eventually operated his own upholstering business.<br /><br />Tebert Joseph Pacheco Mello (1905-1967) was born in Terceira to Antonio and Josephine Augusta Mello. His family immigrated to the United States when he was a baby. He was a member of Saint Anthony’s Church from its founding days, an active committee member in the Holy Name Society, and served as Director of Lowell’s Portuguese American Civic League. Tebert and Deolinda had once son, Robert, who went on to serve in the US Navy, attend Newbury College, and eventually opened and ran several restaurants in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.<br /><br />Deolinda worked as a board member of the International Institute of Lowell, which provided social and educational services to the city’s immigrant communities. In 1958, she became executive director of the International Institute, a position she held for over 20 years. In 1959, Deolinda took a diplomatic trip to Portugal in 1959, where she was able to meet and interview Antonio Salazar at his summer residence.<br /><br />For her many years of service at the International Institute, she was honored at a testimonial dinner, attended by over 500 friends and dignitaries, and received letters of commendation from the state’s major educational and political leaders, including U.S. senators Edward Kennedy and Paul Tsongas. She died in 1988, leaving her son Robert Mello, her daughter-in-law, Charlene, and two grandchildren, Bob and Elena. Subject The topic of the resource Portuguese American women Community activists Community organization Catholic Church--Dioceses Priests Immigrant families Immigrants Cultural assimilation Immigrants--Cultural Assimilation--United States Fasts and Feasts Portugal--Colonies Portugal--History United States--Discovery and exploration Indigenous peoples--America Azorean Americans Veterans Mills and mill-work Portugal--Emigration and immigration Boardinghouses Manners and customs Catholic Church--Societies, etc. Madeirans United States. Navy. Politicians Snow Dogs Christmas Processions, Religious--Catholic Church Altars Swimming Graduation (school) Mary, Blessed Virgin, Saint Beaches Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Lowell (Mass.) Dighton (Mass.) Peabody (Mass.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Items held at the Center for Lowell History. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Portuguese Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Image Audio Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-1988 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Sagres School Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource History of the Portuguese in Lowell speech Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mello, Deolinda Description An account of the resource Deolinda Mello delivered this speech to the Lowell Historical Society. Subject The topic of the resource Portuguese American women Portugal--History Portugal--Colonies United States--Discovery and exploration Indigenous peoples--America United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783 Azorean Americans Veterans Mills and mill-work Immigrants Portugal--Emigration and immigration Boardinghouses Manners and customs Cultural assimilation Catholic Church--Dioceses Catholic Church--Societies, etc. Madeirans Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Dighton (Mass.) Lowell (Mass.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived From the Lowell Historical Society collection, housed at the Center for Lowell History. Physical Location Collection: Lowell Folklife Project - #32 Box: Individuals (M-Z) Folder: Mello, Delinda. Address to Lowell Historical Society: Portuguese in Lowell Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Relation A related resource <a href="https://umlportuguesearchives.omeka.net/items/show/4024">Copy of taped American Bicentennial presentation "The Portuguese in Lowell," Lowell, Massachusetts</a> Feast of the Holy Ghost Holy Ghost Society (Lowell, MA) Saint Anthony's Church (Lowell, MA) Saint Anthony's Portuguese Benevolent Society https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/42465/archive/files/63c820db1c0e854e032e5627ae862207.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=paaC4Xyik39mLB%7EbfmAo26PphTqHnd45tjIFr2A8ILN70bUfnRWgQQmelbbjY1GMus62DM2r2bopVRavX4mfy9yT0Xv0cEyqPY24zHt4hYIux0LvJd7L8vGK3F6Hk9YHOMSmN5tImE4xL-3G65gf8hsfinFTSsdU41C78fptWGP8VK062aAoAV6FG7Lv3g1IHQqOr9XBWp0sAXp0F-HP6sHlvbxyYhqJ7HVOj4qhauIdGTYfnlqEXfbzm5onCJ35oQWNJXA6TB8NU9CMPXNx64LLAnvPaS-OaoiT2PpssvZo8gOe2JhIPCFm7%7EbIWkMDJEJKUQ-%7EHODTMvCoLLKfJw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a8981c228edaa9338a8122e4b2896311 PDF Text Text ~ortugue~e =~merican <tttbic 1League of ~a~~. presents its SIXTH ANNUAL Pedro Francisco State Show on Sunday, March 11, 1962 D L e d. 0 V 1 . C n 1 a g t M e d e m 0 I r y n Jc~ro Jifrattdsr11 IN COOPERATION WITH LAWRENCE LADIES' and MEN'S COUNCIL 2 SARA TOGA STRE ET LAWRE NCE, MASS. ' ~'\ �The story of Pedro Francisco began on a morning in early J une, 1765 when a four year old boy was put ashore by a strange sh ip at City Point, now a part of H opewell , Virginia. The boy, large for his age, was swarthy and handsome and the silver buckles of his shoes spelled out the initials " P.F. " Th e lad poke a mixture of Portuguese, French and Spanish. H e was taken to the Prince George poorhouse, where authorities cared for him while trying to find him a home. His story intrigued Judge Anthony Winston, who took him to his estate, his status that of a poor family relation. The boy grew up, set apart both by the mystery of his past and the awesome power of his rapidly developing physique. While still in his teens, he attained his full stature of 6 feet 6 inches tall and 260 pounds. It might be well to note here that long years later researches abroad seemed to suggest Ped ro's parents had arranged for his kidnapping and transportation to America because Pedro's fat her, a Portuguese nobleman, had become entangled in unsuccessful political machinations whose fai lure might mean his son's life. When the Revolutionary War began, Pedro Francisco was only 14 years old . In the Fall of 1776, at 16, he joined the 10th Virg inia Regiment of the Continental Army and fought with the unit for three years. H e fi rst saw action on the battlefield of Brandywine and it was here that Lafayette and Pedro met while both were treated for wounds; the first tentative step in what was to become a life-long friendship. Less than a month later, i>edro Francisco was in the battle at Germantown and from here to an even more desperate trial in defense of the American forts tbt e uard ed the lower D elaware and prevented the British from reinforcing their garrison in Philadelphia. The folJ owing June found him on the battlefield of Monmouth where he received his second wound ; it was to bother him for the rest of his li fe . A year later, he was back as a private in the Virginia line, ready to take part in the storming of the strong British outpost Paulus H ook and Stony Point - where Pedro received his third wound . Having served out his enlistment, Pedro returned to Virginia, but promptly volunteered again; this time in a militia regiment headed by Colonel William Mayo. The incompetent leadership of Commander Horatio Gates - and the army made up of a task force of young recruits gave the British at Camd en, S.C. an easy task of it. Cornwallis struck first smashing Gates' advance scout force and launched an attack at dawn; the fuj[ fo rce of which fell where the Virginia Militia regiment was stationed. There were few veterans like Pedro among them. All around Pedro Francisco we re wild ly running, screaming men. It was here that Pedro strained his mighty muscl es and lifted the 1100-pound cannon on his back and delivered his burden to the oncoming British offensive. H istory tells us that in thi s battlefield the life of Colonel William Mayo was saved by the heroism of Pedro Francisco. Back in Virginia, after the disaJster of Camden, a cavalry troop was bei ng formed and Pedro accepted the huge 5 foot sword presented him by General George Washington and joined the troop. The cavalry unit soon left for the embattled Carolinas. Commander Greene had chosen Guilford Courthouse as a battle site and here on March 15, 1781 the Americans and British colli ded in one of the bloodiest battles of the war and one that vi rtual ly determined the fate of the southern colonies, and the battle that was to immortalize Pedro Francisco. In the van, a massive figure wielding his 5 foot sword rode Pedro. Man after man went down before his overpowering strokes. Eleven men in a row fell before him. Even the leg wound, his fourth of the war, did not take Pedro out of the fight. In this last melee, Pedro received another and almost mortal wound. Riding headlong upon the squares of guardsmen, he was impaled upon a bayonet upthrust from the prickly hedge. The steel laid upon his entire upper leg ; doubled up with pain, Francisco stumbled from the saddle and collapsed on the battleground where he was found later by a Quaker - still breathing - and was taken to the home of the Quaker and nursed slowly back to health . By the time he had recovered , the war had moved ahead of him. The stage was being set for Yorktown and trudging north on foot, Pedro volunteered as a scout. At W ard's Tavern, nine dragoons (Tarleton Patrol) surprised him, but th rough a ruse, Pedro grabbed an enemy sabre, cut down th ree of the Britishers and escaped on a dragoon's horse. It was the last of his wartime exploits. After the British were defeated at Yorktown, Pedro Francisco acquired a home in Buckingham County and was elected Sergeant-at-Arms to the Hou e of D elegates in Virgin ia and served in that capacity until hi s death on January 16, 1836. Pedro Francisco is buried at Schockoe Hill Cemetery in Richmond. A tall granite column honoring Pedro Francisco is one of the land marks on the Gui lford Courthouse battlefield near Greensboro, North Carolina. The inscription on the monument dedicated to the " H ercu les of the American Revolution" : T o Pedro Francisco - a giant in stature, might an d courage, who slew in thi s engagement eleven of the enemy with his own broadsword rendering himself thereby 'perhaps the most famous private soldier of the Revolutionary W ar.' * * * * * * * * The Portuguese-American Civic League of Mass. is paying homage today to the Portuguese born Revo lutionary W ar hero, a peaceful man in private life and an epic f igh ter in battle. ,. �PROGRAJ\ J * * * * * * * * OPENING REMARKS SUPREME PRESIDENT MICHAEL SILVA, Honorary Chairman Welcome Specialty: Susan Pedro, Marilyn Naughton, Janice Kirkland, Christine Tobin, Judy Correia, Maureen Steph, Donna M. McDonnell, Bertha Canario, Linda Perry, Ann M. Mason, Joanne Cicerano, Elaine Grace, Marlene and Maria DeCrosta. Cambridge #1 Westport Lawrence Dighton Plymouth Peabody Somerville Cambridge Fall River Dartmouth Lowell Easton Peabody Norton New Bedford JOEY MELLO CHAS. FRANCO JUDITH SIMOES & FAMILY MARY AND MANUEL SOUZA ELOISE MELLO NAOMI BATTAGLIA OLIVE PERRY LINDA PERRY PHILLIP & JOHN NUNES JUDY CORREIA PAMELA IRVING CHAS. FRATES lntermissi on Lawrence Rehoboth - Seekonk Freetown - Berkeley Somerset Provincetown Somerville - Cambridge Taunton Swansea Cambridge #1 MANUEL SOUSA JEAN LAMB PA TRICIA OSEPCHUK ANGELA HOLWAY LORETTA BATTAGLIA ROSE L. AGUIAR JUNE LYNCH CAROL REBELLO Tap Song Pianist Specialty Vocalist Guitarist Dance Accordionist Vocalist Toe Solo Guitarists Toe Solo Pianist Specialty Magician -·Pianist Vocalist Specialty Monologue Batonist Pianist Vocalist Dance Pantomime � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence History Center Portuguese American Collection [1920-1999] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All physical copies of the items in this collection are housed at the Lawrence History (LHC) in Lawrence, MA. Through their partnership with PADA, LHC gave permission for these items to be digitized and placed online. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LHC_ Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Lawrence (Mass.) Subject The topic of the resource Portuguese American women Catholic Church--Societies, etc. Processions, Religious--Catholic Church Fasts and Feasts Catholic Church--Dioceses Priests Wedding photography Music Musicians Instrumentation and orchestration (Band) Statutes Constitutions Minstrel shows Balls (parties) World War, 1939-1945 Veterans United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783 United States. Army. Community organization Community development--Religious aspects--Catholic Church Festivals City council members Political posters Azorean Americans Mother's Day Portugal--Emigration and immigration Ascension Day Soccer Description An account of the resource These items are part of the collection at the Lawrence History Center in Lawrence, MA. This collection reflects the organization of the local Portuguese American community from the start of the 20th century through the 1990s. Items focus on the Portuguese American Civic League, Holy Ghost Society, and Saint Peter and Paul's Church.<br /><br /><strong>About the <a href="https://lawrencehistory.org/">Lawrence History Center (LHC)</a></strong><br /><br /><span>Founded in 1978 as the Immigrant City Archives by German immigrant Eartha Dengler, the Lawrence History Center’s mission is to collect, preserve, share, and animate the history and heritage of Lawrence and its people.</span><br /><span>Currently in their fifth decade, LHC seeks to better serve a community that is rapidly changing due to immigration and changes in the local economy. The past few years have marked enormous growth for LHC as they move from being an organization that ‘collects and preserves’ stories of the city to one that animates these stories for current residents, researchers, and visitors to Lawrence through rich and varied programming, the strength of our collections and the power of the history of an immigrant city on the rise.</span> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920-1999 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG PDF Language A language of the resource English Portuguese Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 6th Annual Pedro Francisco State Show (1962) Subject The topic of the resource Veterans United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783 United States. Army. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All physical copies of the items in this collection are housed at the Lawrence History Center (LHC) in Lawrence, MA. Through their partnership with PADA, LHC gave permission for these items to be digitized and placed online. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962-03-11 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LHC_015 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Lawrence (Mass.) Lawrence Ladies and Mens Council Portuguese American Civic League of Massachusetts