1 30 2 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/42465/archive/files/22e53a327ffe1e64abe4850890f0b836.PDF?Expires=1781740800&Signature=maNJZ0-X5kASWui%7EejDKARqBl41ni1JamjJ8cAlGXlDtUpYsCa%7EQBlznmfpIvSQOe8v6m%7EpeLePVU3YlJRYeQKy41mkaeyhISftkCNZaRZErD-JDpDyGW-Abrre0%7EwSZkG%7EX5cfdBtK2tViiOpxXNhUmZANZOVpKpqRWbPey8HCSPOLcrXVpsSQnnwUwYZt96VXiH%7E7z4tHHLoDwXwevKZZHux-ZAOkUgto1Fzkm8FsqRnaaYIfTNF3PyEJlN%7EjXDUBjWAbtAjcxbeDd2fBb9pQYHQpRsjWooLZA3ceCjHPQWs2YkAxXjxs17caXDN6qXVw8CWW5G6m3gswCABH9WA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 078f6806daf16e491479246c699f8869 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lillian Francis McMackin Collection [1931-2021] Subject The topic of the resource Portuguese American women Azorean Americans Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital scans donated from the McMackin Family Collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931-2021 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context McMackin Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New Bedford (Mass.) Newton (Mass.) Boston (Mass.) Jaffrey (N.H.) Wellesley (Mass.) Description An account of the resource <p>Dr. Lillian Francis McMackin, MD, a pediatrician and the first female medical trainee and house officer at Boston’s Children’s Hospital, was born on February 22, 1915, in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Her mother, Mary Paiva Pinha Francis (1894-1980), from São Miguel Island in the Azores, immigrated to the United States with her parents in 1900 and settled in New Bedford. For a few years she worked in one of the city’s cotton mills and married in 1912. Also from an Azorean family, but born in New Bedford, her husband, Antone Francis (1880-1936), worked as a carder in a cotton mill, then as a salesman, before obtaining a job on the New Bedford police force around 1914. He had two children from a previous marriage, and Lillian would be the only child of Mary and Antone Francis.</p> <p>Growing up in New Bedford, Lillian Francis lived in the Ward 6 section of the city, in the vicinity of the former Howland Mill Village District, a working-class area that was heavily settled by Portuguese, notably Azoreans. By the time she attended New Bedford High School her family lived on Brock Avenue. Although still in Ward 6, this neighborhood was ethnically diverse and had a mix of working-class and middle-class families. She was especially close to her mother who impressed upon her the importance of a good education and, when she was quite young, encouraged her to become a medical doctor.</p> <p>Interested in a medical career, as a high school student, Lillian Francis volunteered in a hospital (as a “candy striper” as such volunteers were then called) and assisted a doctor in various nursing tasks. This reinforced her desire to enter the medical profession. She excelled academically in high school, graduating in 1931 as valedictorian, and was also a talented tennis player. Among her close friends was a neighbor, Evelyn I. Coderre (1911-1997), of French-Canadian parents, whose mother, widowed at a young age, worked as a weaver in a cotton mill to support her three children. Also interested in the medical profession, Coderre became a nurse and later served with distinction in the U.S. Navy, attaining the rank of commander. Both young women enjoyed sailing and likely encouraged each other in their career pursuits.</p> <p>Following high school graduation, Francis entered Wellesley College on a scholarship. She adjusted well to a markedly different culture in which many of her classmates hailed from affluent Protestant, New England families. During the summers she worked in wage earning jobs, including a stint as a waitress at a Howard Johnson’s restaurant in Cambridge. At the same time, her father’s poor health and death in 1936 put a greater financial and emotional burden on her mother (often called “Mam,” an abbreviated form of the Portuguese mamae) who subsequently worked as a domestic for wealthy Boston families. But Mary Francis continued to provide some financial support for her daughter during her years at Wellesley. As in high school, Lillian Francis excelled academically. She also joined Alpha Kappa Chi, an academically oriented society with a focus on the Classics.</p> <p>Graduating in 1937, Francis applied and was admitted to Boston University (BU) Medical School. Although primarily concentrating on pediatrics while at BU, Francis accepted a residency upon graduation at Mercy Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Her medical training at Mercy included research into the pathogenesis of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, commonly known as “black lung” disease. Seeking to return to New England, she was admitted to Boston’s Children’s Hospital in 1941, the first female medical doctor to serve there. Her title, “house officer,” reflected her role as a recipient of additional medical training under the general supervision of an attending physician. She later observed that while some of the hospital’s male physicians and house officers placed her on an equal footing with them, a number of male doctors and trainees were less accepting, treating her with indifference or occasionally with hostility. Her self-confidence and strong-willed personality—traits that her mother undoubtedly instilled in her—helped her cope and even flourish in this challenging climate.</p> <p>While at Children’s Hospital, Lillian Francis met and married John F. X. “Mac” McMackin, a graduate of Holy Cross College, businessman, and well-known leader in the Cardinal O’Connell Council of the Knights of Columbus. They had three sons, John, Thomas, and Robert, and lived in Milton, Massachusetts. While starting a family, Lillian McMackin entered private practice as a pediatrician, initially with a partner, Dr. Richard M. Smith, an attending physician at Children’s, where they met, before striking out on her own. In addition to her practice in Milton, she opened a second office, south of Boston, in Quincy.</p> <p>The sudden death of her husband in 1950, following a gastrointestinal surgical procedure, occurred just as she was becoming successful in her pediatric practice. Mary Francis helped care for her young sons especially during the long hours of attending to her patients. Her work required frequent house calls to various sections of Boston and its environs. She saw patients, from infants to adolescents, from all socio-economic and ethnic and racial backgrounds. Although not politically active like her late husband, Lillian McMackin believed in a woman’s right to choose to bear a child. She was also outspoken in her opposition to the Viet Nam War and counseled young draft-age men on various medical deferment options.</p> <p>Although Lillian McMackin remarried a few years after John McMackin died, she never felt the strong bond that she experienced with her first husband. She and her second husband lived apart for many years before divorcing in the 1980s. She remained dedicated to her practice and retained privileges at Children’s Hospital until 1968. She was also a staff member at Milton, Quincy, and South Shore hospitals and taught pediatrics at BU and Harvard medical schools. After retiring in 1987 she spent more time on her long-standing interests in antiques and classic automobiles. Among her legacies were her years as the first female physician at Children’s Hospital and as a highly regarded pediatrician. As Dr. Judith Liebermann, a physician and researcher at Harvard University and MIT, observed, “She opened many doors for women in medicine.” Lillian Francis McMackin died at the age of 85 at the Norwell Knoll nursing home in Norwell, Massachusetts</p> <br /><strong>Scope and Contents:</strong><br />This collection covers multiple areas of Lillian's life. Photographs include images from her teen years, her time at Wellesley, her time at BU Medical School, and her later married life. Many items include images of Lillian's mother and her children. Also included in this collection are two written pieces about Lillian's life: one written by Robert McMackin and another compiled from Lillian's own words. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lillian Francis McMackin Oral History Interview Subject The topic of the resource Portuguese American women Women physicians Azorean Americans Children of immigrants Physicians Immigrant families Education Draft Vietnam War, 1961-1975 Description An account of the resource This interview was conducted by Robert McMackin, youngest son of Dr. Lillian Francis McMackin, and by Christine McMackin, granddaughter of Lillian ,in Yarmouth, Massachusetts, in 1993, in the home of Dr. Lillian McMackin. This interview contains a great deal of family and personal history of Dr. McMackin, including some memories of her girlhood and friends in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and her Portuguese-American parents. Much of the interview occurred while viewing family photographs dating from the 1930s and 1940s. It includes Dr. McMackin recalling her years at Wellesley College, at Children’s Hospital in Boston, and her practice as a pediatrician in Boston, Milton, and Quincy, Massachusetts, from the 1940s to the 1960s. It also includes her perspectives on the family of her husband, John F.X. McMackin (1916-1950), often called “Mac,” and recounts a political gathering at the Statler Hotel in Boston in the late 1940s, where her husband introduced her to then Representative John F. Kennedy. The audio tape from which this transcript was created has been lost. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource McMackin, Robert McMackin, Christine Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived From the McMackin family collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McMackin, Lillian Francis Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Relation A related resource You can view Lillian Francis McMackin's full collection on PADA at the following link: <a href="https://umlportuguesearchives.omeka.net/collections/show/5">Lillian Francis McMackin Collection</a>. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Boston (Mass.) https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/42465/archive/files/338cd5c5a73675a021f574fbef848e01.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=Y6XXkisdQiOWHBXEKcbH9UicKaW94D2MGdN7-YG4y9Fr3IPWmvhorOUIFgXf9V29ITGgprtkq7csy8EM%7EY%7EnqATTKb9QLAiLdSKtrkh8tWhp1na%7EeR6Fd7SomnsPzt-a1xp7i0HFf-kWn9UUqO8a%7EwNmEW95Mas1OLYvNhqVgfX4vokNOF3q05ccjsq88SDIeu2JD6Vx8y8jo2XvuuHsSocqupBXfNRT8jqALgUXMrxQ1n92Enw2G1Ex-E2bUNx70L1mjCINHeQ%7EtoL3mo%7Ec6wPBUIJlaL5XScWgp7jphFSwKMlcrF2fPobTtTlusVn9TzT3qmD3d1TqT80AR%7E%7E1UQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4c77b042fd84e5402684522456a620ff Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Firmo Correa Family Collection [1921-1980] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital scans donated from the personal collection of Karen Correa-Fowler. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Subject The topic of the resource Birth certificates Draft World War, 1914-1918 Portuguese American women Wedding photography Christmas New Year Hospital care United States. Army. Veterans World War, 1939-1945 Madeirans Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1921-1980 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Lowell (Mass.) Madeira (Madeira Islands) San Diego (Calif.) Description An account of the resource <p>The Firmo Correa Family Collection is a unique look into multiple generations of one Portuguese-American family. The collection focuses on the children of Firmo and Julia Correa, including many pictures of both their life in Lowell and their time spent back on Madeira.<strong><br /><br />Biographical Sketch</strong><br />Firmo Correa, (1887-1964), salesman, businessman, politician, community activist. Born in Funchal, Madeira, Correa was the son of Francisco and Rose (Encarnação) Correa. Little is known of his years growing up in Funchal, but he completed nine grades of schooling, more than most children of his generation. Firmo’s occupation as a young man in Funchal is unknown, but in 1909, at the age of 22, he married Julia J. de Jesus. That same year, perhaps seeking better job opportunities, Firmo departed Funchal arriving in Boston in September, 1909, and settling in Lowell. Across the Atlantic, Julia had their first child, a daughter, Maria, born in Funchal in 1910. It appears that within a year Julia joined her husband in Lowell. Between 1911 and 1923, they had five more children, all born in Lowell: Beatrice (1911), Gabriela (1914), Manuel (1915), Arthur (1920), and Edward (1923).</p> <p>For several years during this time they lived in a Tilden Street boardinghouse owned by the Tremont-Suffolk Mills. Instead of mill work Firmo found employment as a salesman in men’s clothing. In the early 1920s, however, he struck out on his own, opening the Madeira Grocery on Tilden Street in a building he rented (less than a block from the boardinghouse where he and his family formerly resided), which also served as his family’s home. Although most of the city’s Portuguese lived in the Back Central neighborhood and this location might appear to be an unpromising choice for Portuguese grocery, in fact, a small enclave of mostly Madeirans resided within two to three blocks of Firmo’s business. Nevertheless, the Madeira Grocery proved to be short-lived. Reeling from a declining textile industry and high unemployment, the city experienced a downward economic spiral and many small businesses struggled.</p> <p>At this time Firmo’s personal life also appeared in disarray. He and his wife separated, with Julia returning to Funchal with the children. For reasons unclear, Firmo legally changed his surname from Encarnação to Correa. He resumed his work as a salesman in men’s clothing, employed in a store owned by a local Jewish businessman, Louis Ginsburg, and located on Central Street. By 1930 Firmo was living in a small room in a boardinghouse on Hanover Street in the shadow of the Nashua Manufacturing Company’s factory (formerly the Tremont-Suffolk Mill). In the U.S. Census of that year he listed himself as unmarried. Yet Correa proved himself a capable and popular salesman. By the early 1930s he worked in one of the city’s most popular retail establishments, the Bon Marché, managing the boy’s and men’s department. Correa also moved into a more fashionable residence on Kirk Street, a short walk from the Bon Marché.</p> <p>It was during the 1930s that Firmo Correa gained city-wide renown as a leading political activist in Lowell’s Portuguese community. An ardent supporter of FDR and the New Deal, Correa, in 1936, founded the Portuguese-American Democratic Club (PADC). He enlisted the support of a number of locally prominent Portuguese, as the club’s membership grew into the hundreds. Notable as well, unlike other ethnically based political clubs in Lowell, which allowed only male members to be organizational officers, the PADC included women and men, with several women, including Laura Pacheco (1915-2002) and Mary E. Teixeira (1912-1973), holding leadership positions. They organized political rallies on behalf of local, state, and national Democratic candidates, with Firmo often serving as host in public halls, attended by hundreds of Lowellians. Local Portuguese musicians performed at some of these rallies that featured not only Portuguese speakers but leaders of other ethnic-based Democratic clubs in the city. Firmo also used the PADC as his base for his candidacy for city council, running three times for an at-large seat in the 1930s and 1940s. The first Portuguese-American to run for elective office in Lowell, Firmo lost each time, finishing near the bottom in the local Democratic primaries.</p> <p>Although Firmo Correa’s visibility and stature within Lowell’s Portuguese community rose during the Great Depression, one of his business ventures, a notorious bar and liquor store on Tilden Street, tarnished his reputation. Lowell police raided his establishment in 1934 that resulted in a drunken brawl and revealed a number of violations. In a hearing before the city’s liquor licensing commission, Correa disputed the charges while attempting to exonerate himself, testifying that he left an employee in charge of the bar because of his managerial duties at the Bon Marché. Despite his appeal the commission ruled against him, shutting down what police described as bar with among the “worst conditions” in the city.</p> <p>Clearly, among members of Lowell’s Portuguese community some of the attention Correa attracted was less than flattering (it appears that in his city council races he garnered an unimpressive number of Portuguese votes). But he energetically promoted Portuguese culture and education. He led a campaign to have the Portuguese language taught in the public high school as well as in adult educational classes in the evening schools. Correa also promoted naturalization programs for Portuguese and was active in the Portuguese-American Civic League. In the 1950s, while an employee of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, he worked tirelessly to liberalize federal immigration law for Portuguese in the wake of the Capelinhos volcanic eruption on the island of Faial that disrupted the lives of nearly 2,000 Azoreans. Upon his death in 1964, Correa was considered among some in Lowell as the city’s “Portuguese Ambassador.”</p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Firmo Correa draft card Subject The topic of the resource Madeirans Draft World War, 1914-1918 Description An account of the resource Name listed as Firmo da Encarnacão. He was 29 years old at the time (born on September 4, 1887 in Madeira). His home address is listed as 154 Tilden St in Lowell, MA. He was working as a clerk, employed by L.H. Ginsburg. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived From the collection of Karen Correa-Fowler. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-06-05 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No Copyright - United States: The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Correa_034 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Lowell (Mass.)