1
30
5
-
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ad8e94adc4c5dbd2e2953e6be625f248
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Firmo Correa Family Collection [1921-1980]
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Digital scans donated from the personal collection of Karen Correa-Fowler.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
Subject
The topic of the resource
Birth certificates
Draft
World War, 1914-1918
Portuguese American women
Wedding photography
Christmas
New Year
Hospital care
United States. Army.
Veterans
World War, 1939-1945
Madeirans
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1921-1980
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Image
Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Lowell (Mass.)
Madeira (Madeira Islands)
San Diego (Calif.)
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Firmo Correa Family Collection is a unique look into multiple generations of one Portuguese-American family. The collection focuses on the children of Firmo and Julia Correa, including many pictures of both their life in Lowell and their time spent back on Madeira.<strong><br /><br />Biographical Sketch</strong><br />Firmo Correa, (1887-1964), salesman, businessman, politician, community activist. Born in Funchal, Madeira, Correa was the son of Francisco and Rose (Encarnação) Correa. Little is known of his years growing up in Funchal, but he completed nine grades of schooling, more than most children of his generation. Firmo’s occupation as a young man in Funchal is unknown, but in 1909, at the age of 22, he married Julia J. de Jesus. That same year, perhaps seeking better job opportunities, Firmo departed Funchal arriving in Boston in September, 1909, and settling in Lowell. Across the Atlantic, Julia had their first child, a daughter, Maria, born in Funchal in 1910. It appears that within a year Julia joined her husband in Lowell. Between 1911 and 1923, they had five more children, all born in Lowell: Beatrice (1911), Gabriela (1914), Manuel (1915), Arthur (1920), and Edward (1923).</p>
<p>For several years during this time they lived in a Tilden Street boardinghouse owned by the Tremont-Suffolk Mills. Instead of mill work Firmo found employment as a salesman in men’s clothing. In the early 1920s, however, he struck out on his own, opening the Madeira Grocery on Tilden Street in a building he rented (less than a block from the boardinghouse where he and his family formerly resided), which also served as his family’s home. Although most of the city’s Portuguese lived in the Back Central neighborhood and this location might appear to be an unpromising choice for Portuguese grocery, in fact, a small enclave of mostly Madeirans resided within two to three blocks of Firmo’s business. Nevertheless, the Madeira Grocery proved to be short-lived. Reeling from a declining textile industry and high unemployment, the city experienced a downward economic spiral and many small businesses struggled.</p>
<p>At this time Firmo’s personal life also appeared in disarray. He and his wife separated, with Julia returning to Funchal with the children. For reasons unclear, Firmo legally changed his surname from Encarnação to Correa. He resumed his work as a salesman in men’s clothing, employed in a store owned by a local Jewish businessman, Louis Ginsburg, and located on Central Street. By 1930 Firmo was living in a small room in a boardinghouse on Hanover Street in the shadow of the Nashua Manufacturing Company’s factory (formerly the Tremont-Suffolk Mill). In the U.S. Census of that year he listed himself as unmarried. Yet Correa proved himself a capable and popular salesman. By the early 1930s he worked in one of the city’s most popular retail establishments, the Bon Marché, managing the boy’s and men’s department. Correa also moved into a more fashionable residence on Kirk Street, a short walk from the Bon Marché.</p>
<p>It was during the 1930s that Firmo Correa gained city-wide renown as a leading political activist in Lowell’s Portuguese community. An ardent supporter of FDR and the New Deal, Correa, in 1936, founded the Portuguese-American Democratic Club (PADC). He enlisted the support of a number of locally prominent Portuguese, as the club’s membership grew into the hundreds. Notable as well, unlike other ethnically based political clubs in Lowell, which allowed only male members to be organizational officers, the PADC included women and men, with several women, including Laura Pacheco (1915-2002) and Mary E. Teixeira (1912-1973), holding leadership positions. They organized political rallies on behalf of local, state, and national Democratic candidates, with Firmo often serving as host in public halls, attended by hundreds of Lowellians. Local Portuguese musicians performed at some of these rallies that featured not only Portuguese speakers but leaders of other ethnic-based Democratic clubs in the city. Firmo also used the PADC as his base for his candidacy for city council, running three times for an at-large seat in the 1930s and 1940s. The first Portuguese-American to run for elective office in Lowell, Firmo lost each time, finishing near the bottom in the local Democratic primaries.</p>
<p>Although Firmo Correa’s visibility and stature within Lowell’s Portuguese community rose during the Great Depression, one of his business ventures, a notorious bar and liquor store on Tilden Street, tarnished his reputation. Lowell police raided his establishment in 1934 that resulted in a drunken brawl and revealed a number of violations. In a hearing before the city’s liquor licensing commission, Correa disputed the charges while attempting to exonerate himself, testifying that he left an employee in charge of the bar because of his managerial duties at the Bon Marché. Despite his appeal the commission ruled against him, shutting down what police described as bar with among the “worst conditions” in the city.</p>
<p>Clearly, among members of Lowell’s Portuguese community some of the attention Correa attracted was less than flattering (it appears that in his city council races he garnered an unimpressive number of Portuguese votes). But he energetically promoted Portuguese culture and education. He led a campaign to have the Portuguese language taught in the public high school as well as in adult educational classes in the evening schools. Correa also promoted naturalization programs for Portuguese and was active in the Portuguese-American Civic League. In the 1950s, while an employee of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, he worked tirelessly to liberalize federal immigration law for Portuguese in the wake of the Capelinhos volcanic eruption on the island of Faial that disrupted the lives of nearly 2,000 Azoreans. Upon his death in 1964, Correa was considered among some in Lowell as the city’s “Portuguese Ambassador.”</p>
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Arthur Correa with two daughters
Subject
The topic of the resource
Madeirans
Portuguese American women
Description
An account of the resource
Left to right: Karen Correa, Deborah Correa, Arthur Correa
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
From the collection of Karen Correa-Fowler.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1975
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Image
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Correa_014
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
San Diego (Calif.)
-
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cbb7272cbe4e1e9485bd1c1e1f3dde5b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Firmo Correa Family Collection [1921-1980]
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Digital scans donated from the personal collection of Karen Correa-Fowler.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
Subject
The topic of the resource
Birth certificates
Draft
World War, 1914-1918
Portuguese American women
Wedding photography
Christmas
New Year
Hospital care
United States. Army.
Veterans
World War, 1939-1945
Madeirans
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1921-1980
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Image
Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Lowell (Mass.)
Madeira (Madeira Islands)
San Diego (Calif.)
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Firmo Correa Family Collection is a unique look into multiple generations of one Portuguese-American family. The collection focuses on the children of Firmo and Julia Correa, including many pictures of both their life in Lowell and their time spent back on Madeira.<strong><br /><br />Biographical Sketch</strong><br />Firmo Correa, (1887-1964), salesman, businessman, politician, community activist. Born in Funchal, Madeira, Correa was the son of Francisco and Rose (Encarnação) Correa. Little is known of his years growing up in Funchal, but he completed nine grades of schooling, more than most children of his generation. Firmo’s occupation as a young man in Funchal is unknown, but in 1909, at the age of 22, he married Julia J. de Jesus. That same year, perhaps seeking better job opportunities, Firmo departed Funchal arriving in Boston in September, 1909, and settling in Lowell. Across the Atlantic, Julia had their first child, a daughter, Maria, born in Funchal in 1910. It appears that within a year Julia joined her husband in Lowell. Between 1911 and 1923, they had five more children, all born in Lowell: Beatrice (1911), Gabriela (1914), Manuel (1915), Arthur (1920), and Edward (1923).</p>
<p>For several years during this time they lived in a Tilden Street boardinghouse owned by the Tremont-Suffolk Mills. Instead of mill work Firmo found employment as a salesman in men’s clothing. In the early 1920s, however, he struck out on his own, opening the Madeira Grocery on Tilden Street in a building he rented (less than a block from the boardinghouse where he and his family formerly resided), which also served as his family’s home. Although most of the city’s Portuguese lived in the Back Central neighborhood and this location might appear to be an unpromising choice for Portuguese grocery, in fact, a small enclave of mostly Madeirans resided within two to three blocks of Firmo’s business. Nevertheless, the Madeira Grocery proved to be short-lived. Reeling from a declining textile industry and high unemployment, the city experienced a downward economic spiral and many small businesses struggled.</p>
<p>At this time Firmo’s personal life also appeared in disarray. He and his wife separated, with Julia returning to Funchal with the children. For reasons unclear, Firmo legally changed his surname from Encarnação to Correa. He resumed his work as a salesman in men’s clothing, employed in a store owned by a local Jewish businessman, Louis Ginsburg, and located on Central Street. By 1930 Firmo was living in a small room in a boardinghouse on Hanover Street in the shadow of the Nashua Manufacturing Company’s factory (formerly the Tremont-Suffolk Mill). In the U.S. Census of that year he listed himself as unmarried. Yet Correa proved himself a capable and popular salesman. By the early 1930s he worked in one of the city’s most popular retail establishments, the Bon Marché, managing the boy’s and men’s department. Correa also moved into a more fashionable residence on Kirk Street, a short walk from the Bon Marché.</p>
<p>It was during the 1930s that Firmo Correa gained city-wide renown as a leading political activist in Lowell’s Portuguese community. An ardent supporter of FDR and the New Deal, Correa, in 1936, founded the Portuguese-American Democratic Club (PADC). He enlisted the support of a number of locally prominent Portuguese, as the club’s membership grew into the hundreds. Notable as well, unlike other ethnically based political clubs in Lowell, which allowed only male members to be organizational officers, the PADC included women and men, with several women, including Laura Pacheco (1915-2002) and Mary E. Teixeira (1912-1973), holding leadership positions. They organized political rallies on behalf of local, state, and national Democratic candidates, with Firmo often serving as host in public halls, attended by hundreds of Lowellians. Local Portuguese musicians performed at some of these rallies that featured not only Portuguese speakers but leaders of other ethnic-based Democratic clubs in the city. Firmo also used the PADC as his base for his candidacy for city council, running three times for an at-large seat in the 1930s and 1940s. The first Portuguese-American to run for elective office in Lowell, Firmo lost each time, finishing near the bottom in the local Democratic primaries.</p>
<p>Although Firmo Correa’s visibility and stature within Lowell’s Portuguese community rose during the Great Depression, one of his business ventures, a notorious bar and liquor store on Tilden Street, tarnished his reputation. Lowell police raided his establishment in 1934 that resulted in a drunken brawl and revealed a number of violations. In a hearing before the city’s liquor licensing commission, Correa disputed the charges while attempting to exonerate himself, testifying that he left an employee in charge of the bar because of his managerial duties at the Bon Marché. Despite his appeal the commission ruled against him, shutting down what police described as bar with among the “worst conditions” in the city.</p>
<p>Clearly, among members of Lowell’s Portuguese community some of the attention Correa attracted was less than flattering (it appears that in his city council races he garnered an unimpressive number of Portuguese votes). But he energetically promoted Portuguese culture and education. He led a campaign to have the Portuguese language taught in the public high school as well as in adult educational classes in the evening schools. Correa also promoted naturalization programs for Portuguese and was active in the Portuguese-American Civic League. In the 1950s, while an employee of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, he worked tirelessly to liberalize federal immigration law for Portuguese in the wake of the Capelinhos volcanic eruption on the island of Faial that disrupted the lives of nearly 2,000 Azoreans. Upon his death in 1964, Correa was considered among some in Lowell as the city’s “Portuguese Ambassador.”</p>
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Arthur and Edward Correa on New Year's Eve
Subject
The topic of the resource
Madeirans
New Year
Description
An account of the resource
Picture taken in San Diego, California at the home of Eva and Edward Correa.
Arthur and Edward are the sons of Firmo and Julia Correa.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
From the collection of Karen Correa-Fowler.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1955-12-31
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Image
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Correa_015
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
San Diego (Calif.)
-
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49170b1e8182dad72ff4bfe58b4e7cb0
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Firmo Correa Family Collection [1921-1980]
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Digital scans donated from the personal collection of Karen Correa-Fowler.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
Subject
The topic of the resource
Birth certificates
Draft
World War, 1914-1918
Portuguese American women
Wedding photography
Christmas
New Year
Hospital care
United States. Army.
Veterans
World War, 1939-1945
Madeirans
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1921-1980
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Image
Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Lowell (Mass.)
Madeira (Madeira Islands)
San Diego (Calif.)
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Firmo Correa Family Collection is a unique look into multiple generations of one Portuguese-American family. The collection focuses on the children of Firmo and Julia Correa, including many pictures of both their life in Lowell and their time spent back on Madeira.<strong><br /><br />Biographical Sketch</strong><br />Firmo Correa, (1887-1964), salesman, businessman, politician, community activist. Born in Funchal, Madeira, Correa was the son of Francisco and Rose (Encarnação) Correa. Little is known of his years growing up in Funchal, but he completed nine grades of schooling, more than most children of his generation. Firmo’s occupation as a young man in Funchal is unknown, but in 1909, at the age of 22, he married Julia J. de Jesus. That same year, perhaps seeking better job opportunities, Firmo departed Funchal arriving in Boston in September, 1909, and settling in Lowell. Across the Atlantic, Julia had their first child, a daughter, Maria, born in Funchal in 1910. It appears that within a year Julia joined her husband in Lowell. Between 1911 and 1923, they had five more children, all born in Lowell: Beatrice (1911), Gabriela (1914), Manuel (1915), Arthur (1920), and Edward (1923).</p>
<p>For several years during this time they lived in a Tilden Street boardinghouse owned by the Tremont-Suffolk Mills. Instead of mill work Firmo found employment as a salesman in men’s clothing. In the early 1920s, however, he struck out on his own, opening the Madeira Grocery on Tilden Street in a building he rented (less than a block from the boardinghouse where he and his family formerly resided), which also served as his family’s home. Although most of the city’s Portuguese lived in the Back Central neighborhood and this location might appear to be an unpromising choice for Portuguese grocery, in fact, a small enclave of mostly Madeirans resided within two to three blocks of Firmo’s business. Nevertheless, the Madeira Grocery proved to be short-lived. Reeling from a declining textile industry and high unemployment, the city experienced a downward economic spiral and many small businesses struggled.</p>
<p>At this time Firmo’s personal life also appeared in disarray. He and his wife separated, with Julia returning to Funchal with the children. For reasons unclear, Firmo legally changed his surname from Encarnação to Correa. He resumed his work as a salesman in men’s clothing, employed in a store owned by a local Jewish businessman, Louis Ginsburg, and located on Central Street. By 1930 Firmo was living in a small room in a boardinghouse on Hanover Street in the shadow of the Nashua Manufacturing Company’s factory (formerly the Tremont-Suffolk Mill). In the U.S. Census of that year he listed himself as unmarried. Yet Correa proved himself a capable and popular salesman. By the early 1930s he worked in one of the city’s most popular retail establishments, the Bon Marché, managing the boy’s and men’s department. Correa also moved into a more fashionable residence on Kirk Street, a short walk from the Bon Marché.</p>
<p>It was during the 1930s that Firmo Correa gained city-wide renown as a leading political activist in Lowell’s Portuguese community. An ardent supporter of FDR and the New Deal, Correa, in 1936, founded the Portuguese-American Democratic Club (PADC). He enlisted the support of a number of locally prominent Portuguese, as the club’s membership grew into the hundreds. Notable as well, unlike other ethnically based political clubs in Lowell, which allowed only male members to be organizational officers, the PADC included women and men, with several women, including Laura Pacheco (1915-2002) and Mary E. Teixeira (1912-1973), holding leadership positions. They organized political rallies on behalf of local, state, and national Democratic candidates, with Firmo often serving as host in public halls, attended by hundreds of Lowellians. Local Portuguese musicians performed at some of these rallies that featured not only Portuguese speakers but leaders of other ethnic-based Democratic clubs in the city. Firmo also used the PADC as his base for his candidacy for city council, running three times for an at-large seat in the 1930s and 1940s. The first Portuguese-American to run for elective office in Lowell, Firmo lost each time, finishing near the bottom in the local Democratic primaries.</p>
<p>Although Firmo Correa’s visibility and stature within Lowell’s Portuguese community rose during the Great Depression, one of his business ventures, a notorious bar and liquor store on Tilden Street, tarnished his reputation. Lowell police raided his establishment in 1934 that resulted in a drunken brawl and revealed a number of violations. In a hearing before the city’s liquor licensing commission, Correa disputed the charges while attempting to exonerate himself, testifying that he left an employee in charge of the bar because of his managerial duties at the Bon Marché. Despite his appeal the commission ruled against him, shutting down what police described as bar with among the “worst conditions” in the city.</p>
<p>Clearly, among members of Lowell’s Portuguese community some of the attention Correa attracted was less than flattering (it appears that in his city council races he garnered an unimpressive number of Portuguese votes). But he energetically promoted Portuguese culture and education. He led a campaign to have the Portuguese language taught in the public high school as well as in adult educational classes in the evening schools. Correa also promoted naturalization programs for Portuguese and was active in the Portuguese-American Civic League. In the 1950s, while an employee of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, he worked tirelessly to liberalize federal immigration law for Portuguese in the wake of the Capelinhos volcanic eruption on the island of Faial that disrupted the lives of nearly 2,000 Azoreans. Upon his death in 1964, Correa was considered among some in Lowell as the city’s “Portuguese Ambassador.”</p>
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Edward and Eva Correa on New Year's Eve
Subject
The topic of the resource
Madeirans
New Year
Description
An account of the resource
Picture taken at a New Year's Eve party held at Edward and Eva's home in San Diego.
Edward is Firmo and Julia Correa's youngest son.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
From the collection of Karen Correa-Fowler.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1955-12-31
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Image
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Correa_016
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
San Diego (Calif.)
-
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51f48fb2e7f37a2830bfc029545553d4
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Firmo Correa Family Collection [1921-1980]
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Digital scans donated from the personal collection of Karen Correa-Fowler.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
Subject
The topic of the resource
Birth certificates
Draft
World War, 1914-1918
Portuguese American women
Wedding photography
Christmas
New Year
Hospital care
United States. Army.
Veterans
World War, 1939-1945
Madeirans
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1921-1980
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Image
Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Lowell (Mass.)
Madeira (Madeira Islands)
San Diego (Calif.)
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Firmo Correa Family Collection is a unique look into multiple generations of one Portuguese-American family. The collection focuses on the children of Firmo and Julia Correa, including many pictures of both their life in Lowell and their time spent back on Madeira.<strong><br /><br />Biographical Sketch</strong><br />Firmo Correa, (1887-1964), salesman, businessman, politician, community activist. Born in Funchal, Madeira, Correa was the son of Francisco and Rose (Encarnação) Correa. Little is known of his years growing up in Funchal, but he completed nine grades of schooling, more than most children of his generation. Firmo’s occupation as a young man in Funchal is unknown, but in 1909, at the age of 22, he married Julia J. de Jesus. That same year, perhaps seeking better job opportunities, Firmo departed Funchal arriving in Boston in September, 1909, and settling in Lowell. Across the Atlantic, Julia had their first child, a daughter, Maria, born in Funchal in 1910. It appears that within a year Julia joined her husband in Lowell. Between 1911 and 1923, they had five more children, all born in Lowell: Beatrice (1911), Gabriela (1914), Manuel (1915), Arthur (1920), and Edward (1923).</p>
<p>For several years during this time they lived in a Tilden Street boardinghouse owned by the Tremont-Suffolk Mills. Instead of mill work Firmo found employment as a salesman in men’s clothing. In the early 1920s, however, he struck out on his own, opening the Madeira Grocery on Tilden Street in a building he rented (less than a block from the boardinghouse where he and his family formerly resided), which also served as his family’s home. Although most of the city’s Portuguese lived in the Back Central neighborhood and this location might appear to be an unpromising choice for Portuguese grocery, in fact, a small enclave of mostly Madeirans resided within two to three blocks of Firmo’s business. Nevertheless, the Madeira Grocery proved to be short-lived. Reeling from a declining textile industry and high unemployment, the city experienced a downward economic spiral and many small businesses struggled.</p>
<p>At this time Firmo’s personal life also appeared in disarray. He and his wife separated, with Julia returning to Funchal with the children. For reasons unclear, Firmo legally changed his surname from Encarnação to Correa. He resumed his work as a salesman in men’s clothing, employed in a store owned by a local Jewish businessman, Louis Ginsburg, and located on Central Street. By 1930 Firmo was living in a small room in a boardinghouse on Hanover Street in the shadow of the Nashua Manufacturing Company’s factory (formerly the Tremont-Suffolk Mill). In the U.S. Census of that year he listed himself as unmarried. Yet Correa proved himself a capable and popular salesman. By the early 1930s he worked in one of the city’s most popular retail establishments, the Bon Marché, managing the boy’s and men’s department. Correa also moved into a more fashionable residence on Kirk Street, a short walk from the Bon Marché.</p>
<p>It was during the 1930s that Firmo Correa gained city-wide renown as a leading political activist in Lowell’s Portuguese community. An ardent supporter of FDR and the New Deal, Correa, in 1936, founded the Portuguese-American Democratic Club (PADC). He enlisted the support of a number of locally prominent Portuguese, as the club’s membership grew into the hundreds. Notable as well, unlike other ethnically based political clubs in Lowell, which allowed only male members to be organizational officers, the PADC included women and men, with several women, including Laura Pacheco (1915-2002) and Mary E. Teixeira (1912-1973), holding leadership positions. They organized political rallies on behalf of local, state, and national Democratic candidates, with Firmo often serving as host in public halls, attended by hundreds of Lowellians. Local Portuguese musicians performed at some of these rallies that featured not only Portuguese speakers but leaders of other ethnic-based Democratic clubs in the city. Firmo also used the PADC as his base for his candidacy for city council, running three times for an at-large seat in the 1930s and 1940s. The first Portuguese-American to run for elective office in Lowell, Firmo lost each time, finishing near the bottom in the local Democratic primaries.</p>
<p>Although Firmo Correa’s visibility and stature within Lowell’s Portuguese community rose during the Great Depression, one of his business ventures, a notorious bar and liquor store on Tilden Street, tarnished his reputation. Lowell police raided his establishment in 1934 that resulted in a drunken brawl and revealed a number of violations. In a hearing before the city’s liquor licensing commission, Correa disputed the charges while attempting to exonerate himself, testifying that he left an employee in charge of the bar because of his managerial duties at the Bon Marché. Despite his appeal the commission ruled against him, shutting down what police described as bar with among the “worst conditions” in the city.</p>
<p>Clearly, among members of Lowell’s Portuguese community some of the attention Correa attracted was less than flattering (it appears that in his city council races he garnered an unimpressive number of Portuguese votes). But he energetically promoted Portuguese culture and education. He led a campaign to have the Portuguese language taught in the public high school as well as in adult educational classes in the evening schools. Correa also promoted naturalization programs for Portuguese and was active in the Portuguese-American Civic League. In the 1950s, while an employee of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, he worked tirelessly to liberalize federal immigration law for Portuguese in the wake of the Capelinhos volcanic eruption on the island of Faial that disrupted the lives of nearly 2,000 Azoreans. Upon his death in 1964, Correa was considered among some in Lowell as the city’s “Portuguese Ambassador.”</p>
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Julia Correa with sons on Christmas Day
Subject
The topic of the resource
Madeirans
Christmas
Portuguese American women
Description
An account of the resource
Left to right: Arthur Correa, Julia Correa, Edward Correa.
Photo taken at Edward and Eva Correa's house in San Diego, California.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
From the collection of Karen Correa-Fowler.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1956-12-25
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Image
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Correa_017
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
San Diego (Calif.)
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/42465/archive/files/a3dc5d877a685dc97e2a86aa3f8a68bc.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=EamPrqGzdQnm24XsCwoYjsR2PNOHHHELqe0v9TmCTHV3sPlBrBhWdrTm8k9dHUIQWrwWKjXwXsSx9KhA9kMnamuVGw0-ULfNF-kKj0ISr3O3IqfFkGDagsBVBsfpfQ5CuA0laZ71k8M8e1kGpd38%7EiGulmXugas4bVjJmUP%7ER-0Ql45Lqq-ixruWvFjTiik9eYkeDvW72ErifLd2c7ghh1IhHIXK5O9FazaivOdC6Eshbyn9fBdESCgHn4j%7EoMRCFmF1YOxsMQUmvfu3vKFLobCjXpiDh6-tHj8TrVG%7Eyq%7E%7E48Vg7xuu8QTEcK%7Eo2WB4lTsEMC6fKegy5Xtg8Lt6qg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
a403642950ffc5821de2ccd311a044fa
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Firmo Correa Family Collection [1921-1980]
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Digital scans donated from the personal collection of Karen Correa-Fowler.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
Subject
The topic of the resource
Birth certificates
Draft
World War, 1914-1918
Portuguese American women
Wedding photography
Christmas
New Year
Hospital care
United States. Army.
Veterans
World War, 1939-1945
Madeirans
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1921-1980
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Image
Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Lowell (Mass.)
Madeira (Madeira Islands)
San Diego (Calif.)
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The Firmo Correa Family Collection is a unique look into multiple generations of one Portuguese-American family. The collection focuses on the children of Firmo and Julia Correa, including many pictures of both their life in Lowell and their time spent back on Madeira.<strong><br /><br />Biographical Sketch</strong><br />Firmo Correa, (1887-1964), salesman, businessman, politician, community activist. Born in Funchal, Madeira, Correa was the son of Francisco and Rose (Encarnação) Correa. Little is known of his years growing up in Funchal, but he completed nine grades of schooling, more than most children of his generation. Firmo’s occupation as a young man in Funchal is unknown, but in 1909, at the age of 22, he married Julia J. de Jesus. That same year, perhaps seeking better job opportunities, Firmo departed Funchal arriving in Boston in September, 1909, and settling in Lowell. Across the Atlantic, Julia had their first child, a daughter, Maria, born in Funchal in 1910. It appears that within a year Julia joined her husband in Lowell. Between 1911 and 1923, they had five more children, all born in Lowell: Beatrice (1911), Gabriela (1914), Manuel (1915), Arthur (1920), and Edward (1923).</p>
<p>For several years during this time they lived in a Tilden Street boardinghouse owned by the Tremont-Suffolk Mills. Instead of mill work Firmo found employment as a salesman in men’s clothing. In the early 1920s, however, he struck out on his own, opening the Madeira Grocery on Tilden Street in a building he rented (less than a block from the boardinghouse where he and his family formerly resided), which also served as his family’s home. Although most of the city’s Portuguese lived in the Back Central neighborhood and this location might appear to be an unpromising choice for Portuguese grocery, in fact, a small enclave of mostly Madeirans resided within two to three blocks of Firmo’s business. Nevertheless, the Madeira Grocery proved to be short-lived. Reeling from a declining textile industry and high unemployment, the city experienced a downward economic spiral and many small businesses struggled.</p>
<p>At this time Firmo’s personal life also appeared in disarray. He and his wife separated, with Julia returning to Funchal with the children. For reasons unclear, Firmo legally changed his surname from Encarnação to Correa. He resumed his work as a salesman in men’s clothing, employed in a store owned by a local Jewish businessman, Louis Ginsburg, and located on Central Street. By 1930 Firmo was living in a small room in a boardinghouse on Hanover Street in the shadow of the Nashua Manufacturing Company’s factory (formerly the Tremont-Suffolk Mill). In the U.S. Census of that year he listed himself as unmarried. Yet Correa proved himself a capable and popular salesman. By the early 1930s he worked in one of the city’s most popular retail establishments, the Bon Marché, managing the boy’s and men’s department. Correa also moved into a more fashionable residence on Kirk Street, a short walk from the Bon Marché.</p>
<p>It was during the 1930s that Firmo Correa gained city-wide renown as a leading political activist in Lowell’s Portuguese community. An ardent supporter of FDR and the New Deal, Correa, in 1936, founded the Portuguese-American Democratic Club (PADC). He enlisted the support of a number of locally prominent Portuguese, as the club’s membership grew into the hundreds. Notable as well, unlike other ethnically based political clubs in Lowell, which allowed only male members to be organizational officers, the PADC included women and men, with several women, including Laura Pacheco (1915-2002) and Mary E. Teixeira (1912-1973), holding leadership positions. They organized political rallies on behalf of local, state, and national Democratic candidates, with Firmo often serving as host in public halls, attended by hundreds of Lowellians. Local Portuguese musicians performed at some of these rallies that featured not only Portuguese speakers but leaders of other ethnic-based Democratic clubs in the city. Firmo also used the PADC as his base for his candidacy for city council, running three times for an at-large seat in the 1930s and 1940s. The first Portuguese-American to run for elective office in Lowell, Firmo lost each time, finishing near the bottom in the local Democratic primaries.</p>
<p>Although Firmo Correa’s visibility and stature within Lowell’s Portuguese community rose during the Great Depression, one of his business ventures, a notorious bar and liquor store on Tilden Street, tarnished his reputation. Lowell police raided his establishment in 1934 that resulted in a drunken brawl and revealed a number of violations. In a hearing before the city’s liquor licensing commission, Correa disputed the charges while attempting to exonerate himself, testifying that he left an employee in charge of the bar because of his managerial duties at the Bon Marché. Despite his appeal the commission ruled against him, shutting down what police described as bar with among the “worst conditions” in the city.</p>
<p>Clearly, among members of Lowell’s Portuguese community some of the attention Correa attracted was less than flattering (it appears that in his city council races he garnered an unimpressive number of Portuguese votes). But he energetically promoted Portuguese culture and education. He led a campaign to have the Portuguese language taught in the public high school as well as in adult educational classes in the evening schools. Correa also promoted naturalization programs for Portuguese and was active in the Portuguese-American Civic League. In the 1950s, while an employee of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, he worked tirelessly to liberalize federal immigration law for Portuguese in the wake of the Capelinhos volcanic eruption on the island of Faial that disrupted the lives of nearly 2,000 Azoreans. Upon his death in 1964, Correa was considered among some in Lowell as the city’s “Portuguese Ambassador.”</p>
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Madeirans
Christmas
Portuguese American women
Description
An account of the resource
Arthur and Olivia Correa with their daughters, Karen and Debbie.
Photo taken at the home of Edward and Eva Correa in San Diego, California.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
From the collection of Karen Correa-Fowler.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
UMass Lowell, Center for Lowell History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1956-12-25
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Image
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Correa_013
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
San Diego (Calif.)
Title
A name given to the resource
Arthur and Olivia Correa with daughters on Christmas Day